Pain in animals can be difficult to detect, as they often hide discomfort to avoid appearing vulnerable. Unlike humans, they cannot verbally communicate their pain, so it is essential for owners to understand the signs and types of pain their pets may experience, writes Dr Rose Hasegawa, medical director Te Are Manu Vet Clinic.

Recognising pain early can help prevent suffering and improve an animal’s quality of life.

Types of Pain in Animals

Pain in animals generally falls into three main categories: acute, chronic, and neuropathic.

• Acute Pain: This is sudden pain caused by injury, surgery, or illness. It is usually short-term and can range from mild to severe. Signs of acute pain may include yelping, limping, swelling, or sudden changes in behaviour.

• Chronic Pain: Long-term pain, often caused by conditions like arthritis, dental disease, or cancer. Animals experiencing chronic pain may show subtle signs such as reluctance to move, stiffness, or a decrease in appetite.

• Neuropathic Pain: This results from nerve damage and can be more challenging to diagnose. It may present as unexplained licking, chewing at a particular area, or sensitivity to touch.

How to Recognise Pain in Animals

Every species expresses pain differently, but there are common indicators to watch for in pets:

• Changes in Behaviour: An animal in pain may become withdrawn, aggressive, or unusually clingy. If a typically friendly pet suddenly growls or snaps when touched, this could be a sign of discomfort.

• Altered Movement and Posture: Limping, stiffness, difficulty standing up, or reluctance to jump or climb stairs may indicate musculoskeletal pain. A hunched posture can also be a sign of abdominal pain.

• Vocalisation: While some animals become silent when in pain, others may whimper, whine, or growl more than usual. Cats may yowl or become unusually quiet.

• Changes in Eating and Drinking Habits: Pain can cause a decrease in appetite or difficulty chewing, especially if dental issues are involved. A pet that suddenly stops eating or drinking should be examined by a vet.

• Panting or Heavy Breathing: Rapid or shallow breathing can indicate pain, stress, or discomfort, particularly in dogs.

• Licking or Biting at a Specific Area: Animals often lick or chew painful areas, which can sometimes lead to hair loss or skin irritation.

• Grooming Changes: Cats in pain may stop grooming, leading to a dull or matted coat, while dogs may over groom a sore spot.

• Restlessness or Lethargy: Some animals become restless and unable to settle, while others sleep more than usual and show less interest in their surroundings.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

If you notice any of these signs in your pet, it is important to seek veterinary advice. Pain not only affects an animal’s well-being but can also indicate a serious underlying health issue. Early intervention can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes.

If you think your animal is in pain, contact Te Are Manu vet clinic on 27719 to book an appointment. Our team of vets can assess your pet’s condition and provide the appropriate care to ensure their comfort and health.