El Niño most powerful ever

PACIFIC – The latest El Niño weather phenomenon is now the biggest and most powerful it has ever been since records began.

The cycle of warm and cold temperatures – which is caused by warm water from Australia spilling out across the Pacific Ocean – has already caused havoc across the world this year.

Floods in the Indian city of Chennai last week – killing 269 people – are believed to have been caused by El Niño’s effect on the monsoon season.

According to scientists at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, this year’s El Niño has meant the water in the Central Pacific Ocean reached 3.1°C above its average on 18 November – compared to previous high of 2.8°C recorded during the 1997-1998 El Niño season.

The New Scientist reports that the 1997-98 El Niño killed 20,000 people and caused almost $97 billion worth of damage as it caused floods, droughts, fires, cyclones and mudslides around the world.

Professor Axel Timmermann, an oceanographer from the University of Hawai‘i, told the magazine: “The El Niño community is closely watching the evolution of this El Niño and whether the current event will surpass the 1997-8 event.

“Monthly and weekly central Pacific temperature anomalies clearly show that this current event has surpassed it.”

In an earlier study, Professor Timmermann showed each cycle of El Niño had been gradually getting stronger in recent decades – more than in any period over the past four centuries.

He said it was currently unclear whether this was due to climate change – but that the phenomenon was likely to become more frequent because of global warming over the course of the next century.

In some Pacific Islands, water levels have dropped so much that coral reefs are exposed, in a phenomenon known as taimasa, Samoan for “smelly reef”.

New Scientist has received photographs from Guam showing this dramatic effect, only seen during extreme El Niño events.

Across the globe, the El Niño has begun a mass coral bleaching.

- PNC sources